A combination of solvents, aroma compounds, fixatives and essential oils are used to make perfume. In today’s world, besides being used as a general product to mask body odour, a perfume is also used to attract the opposite sex, soothe the wearer or simply create a personal style statement. It is one accessory that never fails to deliver.
Derived primarily from its Latin origin, ‘per fumum’ which means through smoke, perfumes have come a long way to entice users to their mesmerising aromas. Perfumes were first made by the people of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, but they were later refined by the Persians and Romans. In ancient times, coriander, myrtle, conifer resin, bergamot, spices and herbs were used to prepare perfumes. It was much later that a doctor named Avicenna showed the method of extracting oils from flowers for making perfumes. But, Hungarians introduced the first modern perfumes in 1370. France has remained till date the primary centre for aromatic plants been grown on a massive scale to be delivered to the perfume industry of the European region. The combination of chemical ingredients used in a perfume bottles are often kept a trade secret.
Perfumes today are extracted from various sources such as plants, animals, natural resources, and the more modernized synthetic sources. Plant sources are commonly barks, fruits, flowers, resins or even leaves of some plants. Animal sources include ambergris, civet, musk, honeycomb and castoreum. Plant sources would be from seaweeds and lichens, while synthetic sources would include coumarin and linalool, both synthetic compounds derived from terpenes. The fragrance can also be extracted from essential oils, tincture and pomade, and other sources.
Since most people, especially teenagers want to strike an individual style statement with perfumes. Even Hollywood stars, well-known sportspersons and famous models have introduced perfumes under their names. Being a lucrative market, manufacturers have been targeting youths for various perfume brands. Many producers of cosmetic products diversify into the manufacture of perfumes. Very often, well-known fashion designers introduce a line of scents and perfumes to increase their sales and popularity.
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