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A calculator is an electronic device that helps compute large numbers in a moment. There are electronic and mechanical calculators as well as software-based ones used in mobile phones and personal digital assistants or PDAs. The calculators available today are pocket-sized to handheld ones that are easy to carry around and simple to use. Students studying commerce, engineering, science and technology find these devices very useful as they enable them to carry out complex calculations in a jiffy.
The earliest computers were mechanical desktop devices which were sometimes prone to errors and were time consuming. Their sizes were comparable to today’s computers. These were followed by electro mechanical desktop calculators that used thermionic valves. With the rapidly advancing technology, transistors and hard-wired integrated circuit were used in calculators.
With electronics gradually becoming cheaper and the IC’s reducing in size, calculators became affordable to everyone. Ranging from keychain sized to credit card sized, from handheld ones to mini desk types were introduced.
There are three types of calculators that are commonly used today namely: basic, scientific and financial. A basic or general purpose calculator carries out simple mathematical functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and computation of square root and percentage. Some calculators also include memory and erase features.
Scientific calculators are used for solving advanced mathematical problems of statistics and trigonometry. Some help calculate radians and degrees too. Some advanced models offer financial and algebraic computation. With special scientific notations, these types of calculators can display ten digit numbers from 0 to 9 with appropriate decimals.
Financial calculators look very similar to scientific ones and these are used for accounting, investments, savings, insurance, retirement planning, credit and debit card management, equity market analysis and all kinds of personal and business finance calculations.
Mortgage rates, home loans, EMI calculations, rate of interest on loans and other calculations related to the field of real estate are carried out on such calculators.
Calculators have become a necessity in every field today. Available in a wide range, calculators have become a standard calculating device in most home and offices.
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