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Water cooling is one of the commonly practised procedures across industries for removing heat from components. It is based on the scientific concept of convection, which allows water to be used to absorb heat. Water cooling gets rid of excess heat and helps regulate the temperature of computers, cars and other machinery.

The main principle behind water cooling involves the higher “specific heat capacity” of water. This property is coupled with another property of water – its high thermal conductivity. Both these properties help water to transfer heat across long distances making it an ideal coolant.

There are various methods of water cooling. One of the methods commonly adopted is the “Open Method”. The procedure basically involves evaporating the water. The process of evaporation helps bring down high temperatures and this process also cools the remaining water that has not yet evaporated. A typical application of this concept in day-to-day activities is seen in car radiators.

The usage of water cooling for temperature regulation can be seen across industries such as automobiles, computer peripherals and other specific applications where temperature regulation is of pivotal importance. The concept is best exemplified in vehicles. Water cooling is used in cars for temperature regulation in combination with antifreeze. Antifreeze helps reduce the freezing point of water, thereby preventing possible damage caused by ice. This is a common problem in cars, especially in colder regions.

Water cooling is widely used in computer systems normally in conjunction with a heat exchanger, a water pump and a CPU water block. By absorbing heat and regulating temperature within the computer, water cooling helps improve “overclocking” and reduces operational noise. Nowadays, water cooling systems for computers are compact systems designed by large companies. They are designed to fit external computer enclosures and are popular cooling systems in the IT industry.

Water cooling has significant industry-specific applications. The procedure is often used in huge plants and large cooling towers. Water is taken from wells or rivers, and is repeatedly circulated across the factory. This absorbs the heat emitted from machinery inside the factory. The heated water flows through well distributed pipes, and it evaporates from the outer surface of the pipes when it comes in contact with the atmosphere. This ensures that the water within the pipes remains cool, which helps to regulate the temperature of the factory equipment. Water cooling is extensively used in nuclear reactors.